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Explore: Comparison and Review, Languages

This category holds web pages and sites that compare two or more programming languages, on one or more variable, via text, feature lists, tables, code samples, equations, pictures, jokes, or any other means, sensible or nonsensical. To qualify for this pa...
This page was last updated on October 2nd, 2008
Comparison and Review (from Languages)
Canadian Content » Computers » Programming » Languages » Comparison_and_Review »
Is .NET's 'C' Sharper Than C++ or Java?Is .NET's 'C' Sharper Than C++ or Java?
By Joe "Zonker" Brockmeier. Text compares a few aspects of C#, Java, C++. [NewsFactor]
PL Prelim NotesPL Prelim Notes
Lists and compares about 20 languages.
Java vs. C#Java vs. C#
Code for code comparison. All features on both languages are compared.
My Programming Language CrisisMy Programming Language Crisis
Some points on language design by Keith Waclena.
Is Ada a Better C?Is Ada a Better C?
Compares Ada, C, C++, language facilities under DOS. Copy of article in EXE magazine, May 1997, originally titled "Ada better than C++?" Text and code samples.
Are scripting languages the wave of the future?Are scripting languages the wave of the future?
Programming guru, Robert Martin, on languages of the coming decade.
TUNES Project: Programming LanguagesTUNES Project: Programming Languages
Over 200 languages described, mostly original commentary, many deep insights, over 1,000 links. [Open Content]
Sun's Comparison of Language FeaturesSun's Comparison of Language Features
Table graphic, uses good-fair-poor metric, compares Java, Smalltalk, Tcl, Perl, Shells, C, C++.
Intelligent SystemsIntelligent Systems
Table compares traits of DreamMaker, C/C++, Java/C#, Visual Basic, Assembly.
Why I don't use C#Why I don't use C#
A non-compartive critique of the C# language by the creator of the Heron language.
99 Bottles of Beer on the Wall99 Bottles of Beer on the Wall
Shows source code implementation for the same simple program across over 250 different programming languages.
Io ComparisonsIo Comparisons
Compares a few variables (size, speed, syntax) in many languages: Brain, C, Cel, F-Script, Forth (gForth, pForth), Icon, Java (Kaffe), Lisp (CLisp, Guile, LispMe, Scheme48), Lua, Perl, Pike, Python, Ruby, Self, Smalltalk (GNU, Squeak, SuperCollider), Tcl.
Java and Smalltalk Syntax ComparedJava and Smalltalk Syntax Compared
Table and notes compare some elements of syntax of Java 1.1 to Smalltalk-80.
Comparing Development Costs of C and AdaComparing Development Costs of C and Ada
Article by Stephen F. Zeigler. Analysis of a case where most variables were controlled enough to make a comparison between development costs (time, error rates, code size, ...) of the 2 languages.
Tcl AdvocacyTcl Advocacy
Table, text, links compare Tcl, Perl, Python, JavaScript, Visual Basic.
Java versus C++Java versus C++
This document compares the languages Java and C++. HTML, PS and PDF formats.
Developer's Dilemma: Perl or PHP?Developer's Dilemma: Perl or PHP?
By Joe "Zonker" Brockmeier. How to choose between two languages that are both very popular for Web development? Text, forum comments. [NewsFactor]
ACM "Hello, World" ProjectACM "Hello, World" Project
List of the famous "Hello, World!" programming teaching program, in hundreds of different languages.
Quantifying the Debate: Ada vs. C++Quantifying the Debate: Ada vs. C++
Tables and text compare Ada83, Ada95, C, C++; mainly costs, reliability. By Donald J. Reifer. [CrossTalk]
Ada95, Java, and C++Ada95, Java, and C++
Some people think Java is like C++, but usual C++ idioms do not carry over to Java because Java is not a C++ superset or subset; Java is a derivation with many modifications, extensions. The language's syntax is alike, but semantics and philosophy is very
The C Family of LanguagesThe C Family of Languages
Interview with Dennis Ritchie, Bjarne Stroustrup, James Gosling.
Gnat and Linux: C++ and Java Under FireGnat and Linux: C++ and Java Under Fire
Compares Ada, Java, C, C++, Delphi. Text, tables. Gnat and Linux orientation. [Linux Gazette]
A Comparative Overview of C#A Comparative Overview of C#
Also compares C#, Java, C++. By Ben Albahari.
Water ComparisonsWater Comparisons
Two medium length documents compare object-oriented languages: Water with ConciseXML syntax, to JSP (JavaServer Pages) and Java; 1 brief list compares Water to PHP.
Java BenchmarkJava Benchmark
By Rene Grothmann. Compares sieve algorithm in Java and C/C++. Text, tables, live comparison applet.
Examples of Programs in Different Programming LanguagesExamples of Programs in Different Programming Languages
Compares 129 (or 157?) languages, via 418 code samples, and growing.
Linea Engineering, Inc.: Getting The Biggest Bang For Your BuckLinea Engineering, Inc.: Getting The Biggest Bang For Your Buck
Compares VisualGen, Smalltalk, C++/Java, ANSI COBOL 85.
Comparisons of Tcl with Other SystemsComparisons of Tcl with Other Systems
Many comparisons between Tcl/Tk and other similar systems, most copied from comp.lang.tcl.
The Zen of PythonThe Zen of Python
By Tim Peters.
1% the Code1% the Code
Compares colorForth and C: Chuck Moore, father of Forth, expects colorForth applications to need only 1% the code of C programs. No code samples.
Advanced Programming Language DesignAdvanced Programming Language Design
Book compares over 70 languages, and main classes: imperative, functional, object-oriented, dataflow, concurrent, declarative, aggregate. By Raphael Finkel, Addison-Wesley.
Nine Language Performance Round-up: Benchmarking Math & File I/ONine Language Performance Round-up: Benchmarking Math & File I/O
Small-scale benchmark test run on 9 languages or variants: Java 1.3.1 and 1.4.2, C via gcc 3.3.1, Python 2.3.2 and via Psyco 1.1.1, 4 from Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2003: Visual Basic/C#/C++/J#.
Syntax Across LanguagesSyntax Across Languages
Operator names and syntax elements in various programming languages.
Survey of Programming Languages Associated with the WebSurvey of Programming Languages Associated with the Web
General feature comparisons, explanations.
Ruby Versus Nine Object-Oriented LanguagesRuby Versus Nine Object-Oriented Languages
Compares Ruby, Objective-C, Smalltalk-80, C++, Java, Python, CLOS, Perl5, PHP, Dylan.
The ROT13 PageThe ROT13 Page
ROT13 implemented in many programming languages.
Programming language benchmarksProgramming language benchmarks
Benchmark of the same program in some recent languages aims to support language choice decision for implementing computation-intensive web apps.
Python Compared to Other LanguagesPython Compared to Other Languages
Many links to comparisons involving Python.
History and Comparing Programming LanguagesHistory and Comparing Programming Languages
The files at this site compare programming language statements in several different languages tracing the statement from early languages to present languages.
How Does Ruby Compare With Python?How Does Ruby Compare With Python?
By John Dell'Aquila. Text description, no code samples, Ruby Garden FAQ entry from comp.lang.python post.
Ted Shieh's Programming Language ComparisonTed Shieh's Programming Language Comparison
A comparison of the features of and demand for some of the major programming languages.
Contrast Ruby and Other LanguagesContrast Ruby and Other Languages
Ruby vs Perl, Python, Tcl, Java, Eiffel, C++. Very short.
Languages Versus DLanguages Versus D
Growing table compares D, C, C++, C#, Java, Delphi, Python, Perl, Eiffel, Sather, Smalltalk, Lisp/CLOS, Ada. Many clarifying comments below. [Wiki4D, Open Content]
Objective-C: Comparisons With Other LanguagesObjective-C: Comparisons With Other Languages
Compares Objective-C, SmallTalk-80, C++, Eiffel.
Beyond Java?Beyond Java?
Compares Java and Dylan, with examples from building two CORBA IDL compilers. Topics include: multiple inheritance, multi-argument dispatch, unified object model, extensible syntax. Several code examples.
Survey of scripting language implementation optionsSurvey of scripting language implementation options
A comparison of scripting language approaches in various categories. Pros and cons are given for each feature variation.
Object-Oriented Languages in the Industry: A ComparisonObject-Oriented Languages in the Industry: A Comparison
Table-based comparison of 4 major OO languages: Eiffel, C++, Java, Smalltalk. Criteria chosen to suggest where Eiffel is better.
Programming Language CategoriesProgramming Language Categories
Brief text compares 6 basic language types: general scripting, programmer scripting, application development, low-level, pure functional, complete core.
What's Wrong with PerlWhat's Wrong with Perl
Author explains what he considers wrong about Perl, presents Python as an alternative. Descriptions, code samples, links.
D vs Other LanguagesD vs Other Languages
Yes-No table with definitions compares D, C, C++, C#, Java, on: GC, functions, arrays, OOP, performance, reliability, compatibility, conditional compiling. [Digital Mars]
Schizoid Classes - Of class, type, and methodSchizoid Classes - Of class, type, and method
A comparison of Java and Smalltalk. By Rodney Bates.
C++??: A Critique of C++ (3rd ed.)C++??: A Critique of C++ (3rd ed.)
A critical view on the C++ and C programming language. [Postscript]
Programming Information from HBProgramming Information from HB
Text descriptions compare C/C++, Java, Pascal, Basic, VeraStream; Oracle; HTML, XML; JavaScript, PHP.
Java vs. JavaScriptJava vs. JavaScript
Similarities and Differences. From First Step Communications.
Programmers: Otters with Rocks?Programmers: Otters with Rocks?
Discusses historical move from low level languages to higher level interpreted ones, productivity, future developments. Active feedback response. [ZDNet News]
Is Turing a Better Language for Teaching Programming than Pascal?Is Turing a Better Language for Teaching Programming than Pascal?
Compares Turing to Pascal, long text document, no tables or graphs; by Jacqueline L. Martin, 1996, many references.
Programming Language Critiques: Pascal, C, C++, and C-LindaProgramming Language Critiques: Pascal, C, C++, and C-Linda
By Jim Basney. May 1995.
Programming Language ComparisonProgramming Language Comparison
Table compares popular object-oriented languages: Eiffel, Smalltalk, Ruby, Java, C++, Python, Perl, Visual Basic.
Reasons for TOMReasons for TOM
TOM attempts to address flaws in these languages: C++, Cecil, Common Lisp, Eiffel, Java, Objective-C, Smalltalk.
What I Hate About Your Programming LanguageWhat I Hate About Your Programming Language
Text treats general aspects of language choices, then compares hatred of Perl, Python, Ruby, PHP, Java, C, C++, JavaScript, XSLT, SQL. With many forum comments. [ONLamp.com]
Fortran90 vs. Ada95Fortran90 vs. Ada95
Compares Ada95 to Fortran90 via code samples, text. Well reasoned and written, many examples. Finds Ada equal or better than Fortran in all aspects but one marginal trait.
Guidelines for Choosing a Computer Language: Support for the Visionary OrganizationsGuidelines for Choosing a Computer Language: Support for the Visionary Organizations
Multipage study compares: 4GL/5GL, 3GL (Ada 95, C, C++, COBOL, FORTRAN, Java, Smalltalk), 2GL (Assembly). Divides language (definition) from traits of products that implement and support it. Several sections, tables, appendixes.
Dylan Competitive AnalysisDylan Competitive Analysis
Compares Dylan, Smalltalk, Objective-C, C/C++. Long document.
C# From a Java Developer's PerspectiveC# From a Java Developer's Perspective
Comprehensive article by Dare Obasanjo, details most similarities and differences between the two languages: features Java has that C# doesn't, and features C# has that Java doesn't. Text, tables, code, resources.
TIOBE Programming Community IndexTIOBE Programming Community Index
Monthly updated index that gives an indication of the popularity of programming languages.
Informal Language Comparison Chart(s)Informal Language Comparison Chart(s)
Links, and table comparing Ruby, Objective-C, Smalltalk-80 (old), SmallScript (Smalltalk-98 dialect), JavaScript 2.0 (ECMA Script), C#, C++, Java, Python, CLOS.
Comparison of Oberon-2 with Modula-2Comparison of Oberon-2 with Modula-2
Short text summary of main features of Oberon-2; target audience: Modula-2 programmers unfamiliar with Oberon-2, but familiar with object-oriented and extensible programming concepts.
A Comparison of C++, FORTRAN 90 and Oberon-2 for Scientific ProgrammingA Comparison of C++, FORTRAN 90 and Oberon-2 for Scientific Programming
The report concludes by a personal assessment of the three languages with respect to the numerical context. By Bernd Mösli. The reader's experience in scientific programming in C or FORTRAN would be advantageous.
University of Michigan's Language GuideUniversity of Michigan's Language Guide
Each entry includes history, description, code examples, and references.
Qtime Collection, FTP Download, GzippedQtime Collection, FTP Download, Gzipped
Display time as English sentence, coded in: AWK, C, ICI, Icon, JavaScript, Lite/mSQL, PHP3, Pike, Python, REBOL, Rexx, Ruby, SLang, Spanner. Tested on only Linux (all) and AmigaOS (C and Rexx versions).
Timing Trials, or, the Trials of Timing: Experiments with Scripting and User-Interface LanguagesTiming Trials, or, the Trials of Timing: Experiments with Scripting and User-Interface Languages
By Brian Kernighan, Christopher Van Wyk. Compares how fast C, Awk, Perl, Tcl, Java, Visual Basic, Limbo, Scheme, run a range of representative tasks. Text, tables, graphs, code samples.
Just Say No to Microsoft: Programming LanguagesJust Say No to Microsoft: Programming Languages
Describes dozens of mostly living languages, grouped by family similarities. Most are alternatives to Microsoft.
PLEAC: Programming Language Examples Alike CookbookPLEAC: Programming Language Examples Alike Cookbook
Suite of common programming problems solved in Ada, C++, Erlang, Guile, Haskell, Java, Masd, merd, NASM, Objective Caml, Perl, Pliant, Python, Ruby, Tcl.
TMXxine LanguagesTMXxine Languages
Brief comparison Curl with High Level assembler, BCX, Dark Basic, Mono (C#/.Net implementation), Python, Squeak, XBasic/XBlite. Curl applet examples.
CLOS, Eiffel, and Sather: A ComparisonCLOS, Eiffel, and Sather: A Comparison
Comprehensive, many references; zipped Postscript, inlined gifs.
Why C is not a good numerical languageWhy C is not a good numerical language
Explains why Fortran is a better language than C.
Inferno/Limbo vs. JavaOS/JavaInferno/Limbo vs. JavaOS/Java
A small overview of the differences between Inferno/Limbo and JavaOS/Java.
Programming Language CritiquesProgramming Language Critiques
Annotated links to critiques (Older version, by original author)
Why Pascal is Not My Favorite Programming LanguageWhy Pascal is Not My Favorite Programming Language
Brian Kernighan's comparison of Pascal and C
Ada versus Modula-3Ada versus Modula-3
Compares similarities and differences, by user of both languages.
Programming Languages mini-HOWTOProgramming Languages mini-HOWTO
Brief comparison of major Linux programming languages C, C++, Fortran, Java, Lisp, Perl, PHP, Python, Tcl; by Risto S. Varanka.
The Quine PageThe Quine Page
Collection of self-reproducing programs: each outputs a copy of its own source code; about 60 languages.
Ada, C, C++, and Java vs. The SteelmanAda, C, C++, and Java vs. The Steelman
Compares 4 programming languages (Ada95, C, C++, Java) with the requirements of "Steelman", original 1978 requirements document for Ada language. Big detailed table.
HEL vs. WebLHEL vs. WebL
A comparison of two languages specialized for retrieving and parsing HTML pages.
The BNF Web Club LanguageThe BNF Web Club Language
Browse, explore some programming language's syntactic rules. See relations between rules, understand them using BNF (Backus-Naur Form notation) and syntactic diagrams: SQL, PL/SQL, SQL2, IDL; Ada95, Java, Modula-2; Lazy, LISP, M5.
Java and C++ Resource Management ComparisonJava and C++ Resource Management Comparison
Detailed discussion of the techniques used in Java and C++ to implement leak free and exception safe resource management. Covers memory management, finalizers, destructors and finally blocks with examples.
In Search of the Ideal Programming LanguageIn Search of the Ideal Programming Language
Article by Sergey Polak. Review and comparison programming languages in search expressive, extensible, readable, safe, portable language.
Why Tcl is Better than PerlWhy Tcl is Better than Perl
Says Tcl is simpler, more maintainable, has superior GUI interface; Perl is hard to maintain and embed, thread unsafe, complex to learn. No code samples, tables, graphs.
An Empirical Comparison of C, C++, Java, Perl, Python, Rexx, and TclAn Empirical Comparison of C, C++, Java, Perl, Python, Rexx, and Tcl
By Lutz Prechelt. Neutral, quantitative analysis of 7 languages in title, for 7 variables, via 80 implementations of the same requirement set. PDF format. [IEEE Computer][PDF]
Programming Languages TableProgramming Languages Table
By Capers Jones, Chairman, Software Productivity Research, Inc. Huge table of function point evaluation values (how many code lines needed for a task) compares 500 languages, dialects, and/or implementations.
The Great Computer Language ShootoutThe Great Computer Language Shootout
A collection of banchmarks performed on 24 different languages. Includes a tool to grade languages depending on how well they did on tests that matter for you.
VB or not VBVB or not VB
Visual Basic, VB.Net critiques in comparison with Delphi and C#.

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